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The GC MS Study of One Ayurvedic Medicine, Valiya Karpooradi Churnam

Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science
eISSN No. 2347-2367 pISSN No. 2347-2545

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Research Article - (2022) Volume 10, Issue 12

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The GC MS Study of One Ayurvedic Medicine, Valiya Karpooradi Churnam

Satheesh Kumar C1, Prabhu K2*, S Kalaivani3, A Franklin4, MRK Rao5, CS Janaki6 and Shruti Dinakaran6

*Correspondence: Dr. Prabhu K, Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Email:

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Abstract

The study deals with the GC MS analysis of one Ayurvedic formulation, Valiyakarpuradichurnam, which is prescribed for ailments such as cough, cold, anorexia, hiccup, pain, nausea, indigestion, and vomiting. Valiyakarpuradichurnam was procured from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was processed suitably before subjecting it to GC MS analysis. The GC MS profile indicated the presence of medicinally important molecules such as isoborneol, thymol, eugenol, Alfa-copaene, caryophyllene, tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester, ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, piperine, gamma-sitosterol etc. which do indicate their supportive role towards the cure by Valiyakarpuradichurnam. It is concluded that the Valiyakarpuradichurnam does contain some important biomolecules which support its activity as an effective medicine.

Keywords

ValiyaKarpuradichurnam, GC MS, Ayurvedic, Isoborneol, Thymol, Eugenol, Alfa-copaene, Caryophyllene

Introduction

The present study in another step by the present workers towards Aurvedic and Sidhha medicine standardization by applying latest analytical methods [1-29]. It consist of the GC MS analysis of one Ayurvedic medicine prescribed for cough, cold, anorexia, hiccup, pain, nausea, indigestion and vomiting. The following dry ingredients of the medicine are powdered and mixed in equal ratio to obtain this medicine. Karpura (Cinnamomum camphora), Jatipatra (Myristica fragrans), Devadaru (Cedrus deodara), Madhuka (Madhuca indica), Jatiphala (Fruit of Myristica fragrans), Anjana (Collyrium), Sunthi (Zingiber officinale), Ajaji (Carum carvi), Jeeraka (Cuminumcyminum), Ela (Elettaria cardamomum), Kasturi (Musk), Kachora (Curcuma zadoria), Pippali (Piper longum), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Lodhra flower (Symplocos racemosa), Maricha (Piper nigrum), Dalchini (Cinnamomumzeylanicum), Balaka (Coleusvettiveroides), Agragrahi (Anacyclus pyrethrum), Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba), Lavanga (Syzigiumaromaticum), Musta (Cyperus rotundus), Usheera (Vetiveria zizanioides), Patha (Cissampelos pareira), Kusta ((Saussurealappa), Krishnagaru (Aquilariaagallocha)) and Rasna (Pluchealanceolata). The dosage of this medicine is one to three g of the powder with honey three times a day or as advised by the physician. It is manufactured by Arya Vaidya Nilayam, Arya Vaidyasala Kottakkal among others.

Materials and Methods

Valiyakarpuradichurnam was obtained from standard Ayurvedic vendor at Chennai and was subjected to GC MS analysis by standard procedure.

Instrument: Gas chromatography (Agilent: GC: (G3440A) 7890A. MS MS:7000 triple quad GCMS,) was equipped with mass spectrometry detector.

Sample preparation: 100 micro lit sample dissolved in 1 ml of suitable solvents. The solution stirred vigorously using vortex stirrer for 10 seconds. The clear extract was determined using gas chromatography for analysis.

GC MS protocol: The GC MS column consisted of DB5 MS (30 mm × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 μm, composed of 5% phenyl 95% methyl poly siloxane), electron impact mode at 70 eV; helium (99.999%) was used as carrier gas at a constant flow of 1 ml/min Injector temperature 280°C; auxilary temperature: 290ᵒC ion source temperature 280°C.

The oven temperature was programmed from 50°C (isothermal for 1.0 min), with an increase of 40°C/min, to 170°C C (isothermal for 4.0 min), then 10°C/min to 310°C (isothermal for 10 min) fragments from 45 to 450 Da. Total GC running time is 32.02 min. The compounds are identified by GC MS Library (NIST and WILEY).

Results and Discussion

The GC MS profile of Valiyakarpouradichurnam is represented in Figure 1.

Jrmds-Depicts

Figure 1: Depicts the GC MS profile of Valiya karpuradi churnam.

Table 1 indicates the retentions values, types of possible compound, their molecular formulae, molecular mass, peak area and their medicinal roles of each compound as shown in the GC MS profile of Valiyakarpuradichurnam. The identification of metabolites was accomplished by comparison of retention time and fragmentation pattern with mass spectra in the NIST spectral library stored in the computer software (version 1.10 beta, Shimadzu) of the GC MS along with the possible pharmaceutical roles of each bio molecule as per Dr. Duke’s phytochemical and ethno botanical data base (national agriculture library, USA) and others as shown in Table 1 [30].

Sl.NO Retention time Compound name Mol. formula Mol. weight % Peak Area Possible medical Role
1 4.57 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol, 1,5,5-trimethyl- C10H18O 154.1 1.55 Not known
2 4.97 Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,7,7-trimethyl-, (1S)- C10H16O 152.1 1.38 Not known
3 5.19 Isoborneol C10H18O 154.1 50.67 Isoborneol, a derivative of borneol is reported to have antiviral properties on herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)
4 7.05 Thymol C10H14O 150.1 2.2 Thymol is reported to have hair growth potential. Thymol derivatives have antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities
5 7.74 Cyclohexene, 3-methyl-6-(1-methylethylidene)- C10H16 136.1 3.45 Not known
6 7.81 Eugenol C10H12O2 164.1 9.23 Eugenol or phenol, 2-methoxy-3-(2-propenyl): synthetic eugenol has been reported to have many important medicinal properties as is described by many reporters. It has medicinal roles such as antifungal, antioxidant, anticonvulsant and local anaesthetic, anti-stress, bacteriostatic, bactericidal, anti-carcinogenic, depresses activity of central nervous system, anti-radiation, antiviral, induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and HL-60 leukemia cells
7 8.08 Alfa-Copaene C15H24 204.2 0.8 Analgesic, anti-inflammatory
8 8.39 Longifolene C15H24 204.2 0.81 Not known
9 8.59 Caryophyllene C15H24 204.2 2.63 Has role as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
10 9.75 cubedol C15H26O 222.2 1.8 Not known
11 12.17 Tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester C15H30O2 242.2 1.34 Catechol-O-methyl-transferase-inhibitor, methyltransferase-inhibitor, methyl-donor, methyl-guanidine-inhibitor, arachidonic-acid-inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity
12 12.37 Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate C12H14O3 206.1 0.96 Anti-CAMP-phosphodiesterase, anticancer, antidote, anti-mitral valve prolapse, adrenal Press or
13 12.62 Tetradecanoic acid C14H28O2 228.2 1.68 Acidifier, arachidonic acid inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity
14 14.2 Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester C17H34O2 270.3 2.19 Catechol-O-methyl-transferase inhibitor, methyl donar, methyl guanidine inhibitor, acidifier, arachidonic acid inhibitor, Increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity
15 14.59 Azuleno [4,5-b]furan-2(3H)-one, 3a,4,6a,7,8,9,9a,9b-octahydro-6-methyl-3,9-bis(methylene)-, [3aS-(3a alpha, 6a alpha, 9a alpha, 9b beta)]- C15H18O2 230.1 2.06 Not known
16 15.73 12,15-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester C19H34O2 294.3 1.19 Acidifier, acidulant, arachidonic acid inhibitor, Increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibits production of uric acid, catechol-o-methyl-transferase Inhibitor, methyl donar, methyl guanidine inhibitor
17 15.81 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)- C19H36O2 296.3 3.14 Acidifier, acidulant, arachidonic acid inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibits production of uric acid,
18 16.17 9-Octadecenoic acid, (E)- C18H34O2 282.3 1.37 Acidifier, acidulant, arachidonic acid inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibits production of uric acid, anticancer, cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitor
19 17.47 1,15-Pentadecanedioic acid C15H28O4 272.2 0.85 Acidifier, arachidonic acid inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity
20 17.7 4-Butylbenzoic acid, 1-adamantylmethyl ester C22H30O2 326.2 1.55 Increase Zinc bioavailability, oligosaccharide provider, decreases endothelial leukocyte adhesion, decreases endothelial platelet adhesion, energizer
21 18.86 Z-(13,14-Epoxy)tetradec-11-en-1-ol acetate C16H28O3 268.2 1.94 Increases Zinc bioavailability, oligosaccharide provider, decreases endothelial leukocyte adhesion, decreases endothelial platelet adhesion, energizer
22 19.15 Isobornyl propionate C13H22O2 210.2 1.17 Not known
23 20.44 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl elaidate C21H40O4 356.3 0.81 Not known
24 21.69 Piperine C17H19NO3 285.1 1.68 Radio protective, immuno modulatory, antitumor, anti-depressant, anticonvulsant, anti-nociceptive, anti-arthritic, helps in the absorption of selenium, vitamin B, beta carotene and other nutrients[35]
25 21.96 2-Pentenoic acid, 3-methyl-5-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl) C15H24O2 236.2 2.06 Acidifier, acidulant, arachidonic acid inhibitor, increases aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity, inhibits production of uric acid, catechol-o-methyl-transferase Inhibitor, methyl donor, methyl guanidine inhibitor
26 24.38 gamma-sitosterol C29H50O 414.4 0.77 PPAR-gamma antagonist
27 25.96 Ethyl iso-allocholate C26H44O5 436.3 0.72 Isoptericide

Table 1: Indicates the retentions time, types of possible compound, their molecular formulae, molecular mass, percentage peak area and their medicinal roles of each compound as shown in the GC MS profile of Valiyakarpuradichurnam.

Table 1 indicates the presence of some molecules such as isoborneol, thymol, eugenol, alfa-copaene, caryophyllene, tridecanoic acid, 12-methyl-, methyl ester, ethyl pmethoxycinnamate, piperine, gamma-sitosterol etc. which have medicinal properties relating to those of valiyakarpuradichurnam in alleviating the ailment. Further work is warranted to understand the exact mechanism of action of these molecules as well as that of valiyakarpuradichurnam (Table 1) [31-35].

Conclusion

From the above results and discussion it is indicative that the molecules present in Valiyakarpuradichurnam could support the medicinal role of this medicine. It will be of interest to understand the roles of molecules whose medicinal roles are not known.

References

Author Info

Satheesh Kumar C1, Prabhu K2*, S Kalaivani3, A Franklin4, MRK Rao5, CS Janaki6 and Shruti Dinakaran6

1Department of Anatomy, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Melmaruvathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
2Department of Anatomy, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3Department of Anatomy, Vel’s Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
4Department of Microbiology, Anna Medical College, University of Technology, Mauritius, Port Louis, Mauritius
5Department of Anatomy, Amritha University, Thiruporur, Tamil Nadu, India
6Department of Anatomy, Ayurvedic Medical Practioneer, Kottakkal Arya Vaidya Sala, Kerala, India
 

Citation: Satheesh Kumar C, Prabhu K, S Kalaivani, A Franklin, MRK Rao, CS Janaki, Shruti Dinakaran, The GC MS Study of One Ayurvedic Medicine, Valiya Karpooradi Churnam, J Res Med Dent Sci, 2022, 10 (12): 041-046.

Received: 03-Oct-2022, Manuscript No. JRMDS-22-77101; , Pre QC No. JRMDS-22-77101(PQ; Editor assigned: 05-Oct-2022, Pre QC No. JRMDS-22-77101(PQ; Reviewed: 17-Oct-2022, QC No. JRMDS-22-77101; Revised: 19-Dec-2022, Manuscript No. JRMDS-22-77101(R); Published: 26-Dec-2022

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