Peripheral Neuropathy and Central Neuropathy Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Sasekala AM^*

^*Correspondence: Sasekala AM, Sree Balaji Medical College & Hospital Affiliated to Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, India, Email:

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Introduction

Materials and Methods

• Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.
• Age group 30 to 60 years.
• Normal Visual acuity.

Exclusion criteria

Subjects suffering from the following diseases were excluded from the study.

• Group I-15 Type 2 Diabetics with duration of disease <5 years.
• Group II-15 Type 2 Diabetics with duration of disease 5-10 years.
• Group III-15 Type 2 Diabetics with duration of disease >10 years.

Design of study

Cross sectional study.

45 subjects with age group of 30 to 60 years were recruited for the study from the Outpatient department of Diabetology of Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital. Blood parameters and serum cholesterol levels were estimated, and also neurophysiological studies were performed. Antidromic responses was done by a pair of finger ring electrodes. Almost like 3 electrodes were used (active, recording and ground). Ground was placed over the dorsum of hand. The Active ring electrode was placed around the proximal interphalangeal joint of index finger. The Reference ring electrode was placed around the distal inter phalangeal joint of the same finger. Amplitude, latency and conductive velocity was calculated.

Results

Among the three subgroups of age, the mean latency was found to be 3.13 ± 0.2 in Al, 2.82 ± 0.1 in A2 and 3.08 ± 0.3 in A3. The mean amplitude was 19.46 ± 1.8 in Al, 20.9 ± 1.9 in A2 and 20.04 ± 2.2 in A3. The mean latency of GI was 3.01 ± 0.25, G2 was 3.02 ± 0.34. And in G3 was 3.2 ± 0.3. The mean amplitude was 20.3 ± 2.1 in GI, 19.9 ± 2 in G2 and 19.96 ± 1.6 in G3. The mean conduction velocity was 50.9 ± 2.7 in G1, 50.3 ± 2.4 in G2 and 49.9 ± 3.3 in G3. Overweight is said play an important role in the cascade of events that lead to insulin resistance which again leads to Diabetic complications. HbAlc was sub grouped as S6 and >6%. The mean latency among the groups were 2.8 ± 0.13 and 3.11 ± 0.3, while the amplitude was 22.42 ± 2.2 and 19.41 ± 1.7. The conduction velocity was 53.38 ± 1.7 and 49.76 ± 2.3 among the subgroups. The Median sensory nerve latency, amplitude and conduction velocity was statistically compared and correlated with the subgroups of total cholesterol.

The mean latency of Dl was 2.9 ± 0.3, D2 was 3 ± 0.2 and D3 was 3.2 ± 0.3. The amplitude of D1, D2 and D3 were 22.3 ± 1.4, 19.6 ± 1.4 and 18.3 ± 1.3, respectively. Similarly, the conduction velocity was 53.2 ± 1.7, 50 ± 1.9 and 48.4 ± 1.9, respectively. The duration of DM was compared with the mean latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity of Median sensory nerve conduction. The mean Latency was found to be increasing as the duration. Similarly, the Conduction velocity was also decreased with increased years of disease with a Pearsons' s coefficient of r=-0.672, which again proved that as the duration of disease increases the conduction velocity decreases.

Table 1: Visual evoked potential (Mean and Standard deviation) parameters and basic characteristics.

Discussion

The study results show that, as the age increases the nerve conduction parameters are not altered, that is age does not contribute to the changes in the median nerve conduction. This contradicts to the previous study where age plays a significant risk factor role in neuropathy among Type 2 DM. Others also found significant correlation between age and neuropathy. Previous studies showed significant correlation between FBS and Diabetic neuropathy through nerve conduction study in peripheral nerves like our results. In our study the conduction velocity of sensory nerve conduction m peripheral nerves decreases significantly with hyperlipidaemia. From the results it was found that HbA1c values are kept under control the nerve functions are professionally restored. But as per previous there is no correlation between Diabetic neuropathy and HbA1c, it is only the intensified diabetic treatment that is going to have a positive influence on patients with diabetic neuropathy [6-9].

Conclusion

The Median nerve latency increased with duration of disease and increasing levels of Glycosylated Hb. The amplitude and conduction velocity decreased with increased years of disease and Glycosylated Hb. The VEP latencies, N75, Pl00 and N145 all increased with increasing years of disease and increasing levels of Glycosylated Hb. The P100-N75 amplitude decreased with increased years of disease and increasing levels of Glycosylated Hb. FBS, BMI did not show significance, but showed a positive correlation with neural impairment of both the median and optic nerve.

Funding

No funding sources.

Ethical Approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledegements

The encouragement and support from Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, is gratefully acknowledged. For provided the laboratory facilities to carry out the research work.

References

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