Salivary Uric Acid and Protein Carbonyl in Relation to Gingival Health Condition Among Group of Pregnant Anemic Women
Author(s): Belal Louay Jaber and Nibal Mohammed*
Abstract
Background: Anemia during pregnancy is a medical disorder that led to changes in the function of the human body and changes in the oral health condition, it considered stressful condition that led to oxidant –antioxidant imbalance as decrease in the salivary antioxidant and increase in the oxidative stress.
Methods: The study sample was consisted of 90 women divided into three groups including 30 pregnant anemic and 30 pregnant not anemic women (first pregnancy and in the second trimester), from the mothers and infant’s health service center in Baghdad city, their age range was 20-25 years, in addition to 30 women as control group of newly married not-pregnant not anemic and match with age. Plaque index was used to assess dental plaque thickness, calculus index was used to assess dental calculus extension and gingival index was used to asses gingival health condition. Unstimulated saliva was collected then salivary uric acid and salivary protein carbonyl were analyzed.
Result: Data analysis of the current study revealed that the plaque index of pregnant anemic group was found to be higher than that of pregnant not anemic and control group. The difference was statistically highly significant between pregnant anemic and pregnant not anemic groups and significant between pregnant anemic and control groups. However the statistical difference between pregnant not anemic and control was not significant (P>0.05). The calculus index of pregnant not-anemic group was found to be higher than that of pregnant anemic and control group. It was found that statistical difference was significant only between pregnant anemic and control groups, while it was not significant between other groups (P> 0.05). The gingival index of pregnant anemic group was found to be lower than that of pregnant not anemic, but both the mentioned groups had gingival index higher than that of control group. The difference was statistically highly significant between different groups (P< 0.01). The level of salivary antioxidant (uric acid) of pregnant anemic group were found to be the lowest with statistically highly significant difference between each two groups. The salivary protein carbonyl of pregnant anemic group was found to be the highest with statistically highly significant differences between pregnant anemic and not anemic groups (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between plaque index and (salivary antioxidants and protein carbonyl) in the pregnant anemic women but, it was a positive correlation in pregnant not anemic women. There was a positive correlation between calculus index and salivary antioxidant in the pregnant anemic and not anemic women. There was a positive correlation between calculus index and protein carbonyl in pregnant anemic women while, there was a negative correlation between calculus index and protein carbonyl in pregnant not anemic women. There was a positive correlation between gingival index and protein carbonyl in pregnant anemic women while, there was a negative correlation between gingival index and protein carbonyl in pregnant not anemic women. Highly significant positive correlation was found between gingival index and each of plaque index and calculus index in both pregnant anemic and not anemic groups .
Conclusion: This study reported decrease in the salivary antioxidant and increase in the oxidative stress status among pregnant anemic women which worsen the determintal effect of pregnancy on oral health.