Periodontitis and Diabetes Mellitus-A Two Way Relationship
Author(s): Nandini Sharma*, Khushboo Jeevan Durge, Pavan Bajaj, Bhairavi Kale and Anjali Borle
Abstract
We have long recognised that the need for diagnosis of diabetes in our patients, which is linked to a variety of oral disorders, like most commonly occurring periodontitis and various others like xerostomia, candidal infections.
There exists a two way relationship of diabetes and periodontitis diabetes a complex disorder which affects the metabolisms of carbohydrate, lipid and protein in which hyperglycaemia is the main clinical sign.
Periodontitis is caused mainly due to plaque associated bacteria as well as defect in the host defence mechanism. These two way relationship can be taken under control by controlling the normal levels of blood glucose or by maintaining the proper oral hygiene to prevent the accumulation of plaque and calculus as they are the main retentive factors for the development of periodontitis.
Weather the diabetes mellitus is present or not, as well as the controlled degree of the disease in the patients, affects the occurrence and severity of periodontitis. Furthermore, various oral consequences of undiagnosed or poorly treated diabetes mellitus have been documented and must be considered during diabetic patients' periodontal disease therapy.
“Periodontal diseases” can have a huge effect on a diabetic's metabolic status. The increase the risk of “glycemic deterioration” over time is because of the presence of periodontitis.