Comparative Evaluation of Remineralization of White Spot Lesion in Nano Silver Fluoride and Nano Hydroxyapatite Varnish: An In vitro Study
Author(s): Rama Raji Sankaranarayanan*
Abstract
Introduction: White spot lesions are a common finding with orthodontic treatment. Proper maintenance of oral hygiene, regular scaling, usage of fluoridated toothpaste, application of varnish etc. have been used to prevent, reduce or re-mineralize white spot lesions. Unfortunately, a method to completely prevent white spot lesions has yet to be achieved.
Aim: To determine and compare the efficacy of re-mineralization of white spot lesions between two green synthesized nanoparticle varnishes namely nano silver fluoride and nano hydroxyapatite varnish.
Materials and methods: 30 samples of extracted human premolar teeth were subjected to demineralization solution for 72 hours to artificially induce an incipient lesion. They were randomly divided into 3 groups 1) Green synthesized NaF; 2) Green synthesized HAP; 3) Control (no treatment). A total of 9 random samples were selected and subjected to Vickers microhardness test and an atomic force microscope to analyse the surface micro-hardness test and analysed with one way ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA. Level of significance was set at p=0.05.
Results: At T1, the surface micro-hardness test values of all samples was not statistically different among the groups (p=-0.8). Mean of surface micro-hardness of induced white spot lesion was 125.7 ± 16.5 were significant than baseline surface micro-hardness test values (p<0.001). The highest surface micro-hardness test values were observed in green synthesized sodium silver fluoride group (mean 192.6 ± 29.86). The surface micro-hardness of green synthesized HAP was 171.5 ± 20.66 and that of the control group was 113.2 ± 19.3. Intergroup analysis shows no significant difference between green synthesized sodium silver fluoride and green synthesized hydroxyapatite (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Green synthesized sodium silver fluoride n-NSF can be considered as an option for arresting white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. However, more in-vivo studies are needed to review the long term effects of the varnish.
Keywords: Nanoparticle varnish, Caries prevention, Sodium fluoride, Hydroxyapatite, White tea