Changes in Alveolar Bone Dimension after Extraction Sockets and Methods of Ridge Preservation
Author(s): Saumya Jitendra Kanode* and Anand Narayanrao Wankhede
Abstract
The alveolar process develops during tooth formation and goes through bone atrophy after a tooth or teeth are lost. This could happen because of periodontal disease, periapical pathologies, and mechanical trauma which cause loss of surrounding bone around the tooth. Thus, leads to the resorption of the alveolar ridge. Also, predisposing factors that affect alveolar bone loss following tooth extraction such as age, gender, systemic conditions, facial morphology, and functional stress on the extraction wound.
Post extraction complications include loss of function, a reduction in vertical height, horizontal width, insufficient bone for dental implants, and prosthodontics difficulties. It has been noted that the size of the residual ridge shrinks more quickly within the first six months. After extraction, the maxillary arch tended to have more horizontal resorption together with vertical bone resorption than the mandible. In order to achieve successful implant results, both the bone and soft tissue contour should be preserved as well as possible.
Alveolar Ridge Preservation (ARP) is considered as a Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) technique for preventing ridge resorption succeeding tooth extraction. The aim is to provide the existing research on alveolar bone loss and tissue alterations in extraction sockets, the effects of age on bone resorption, and different Ridge preservation strategies.